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June 22, 2005
The Summer Watering Issue

watering can

Summer Swelter...
So, we're less than two days into summer and it's hitting us like a ton of bricks.  Temperatures are already settling into the 90's and that humidity is dragging the heat index even higher.  Give me strength!  Well, just in time for the heat (and probable lack of rain) we have our annual watering issue - some of the best tips for watering you'll find all season. Read them, live them, you'll be glad you did.

Many of of you were looking for photos from our San Francisco trip last week.  We got back from our trip just a few hours from last week's newsletter deadline and the photos just weren't ready.  Since then we've put some of our favorites together to share with you.  You'll find them here...

And now, a final word on the Breast Cancer 3-Day.  We (The Pink Polka Daughters) participated in and finished our much celebrated 60-mile walk last weekend (photos).  It would be an understatement to say that it was one of the most rewarding things I've ever done.  Over 900 people participated and $2.4 million was raised for this incredible effort.  Thank you everyone who supported me financially, emotionally, and spiritually.  

~ Shelly  

Veggies Need More...
We've stated in the past that most gardens require one inch of water per week.  As the weather heats up however water consumption for a vegetable garden will gradually increase up to two inches of water per week and then taper off again as the weather cools.  Remember that it is imperative for you to water deeply once or twice a week.  Watering a little bit every day is just not good for the plants.

Other watering tips for your veggies:

  • Concentrate your watering in the root zone.  Soaker hoses and drip irrigation systems are great methods.  
  • Related to the above, try to minimize watering of leaves.  This will help prevent disease. 
  • Water in the morning between 6:00 and 9:00 AM.  Midday watering wastes water.  Evening watering may lead to plant disease.
  • Keep the garden well weeded to eliminate competition for water.
  • Use mulches to aid water retention in the garden soil.

Coping With Containers...
Container plants (those in pots, window boxes, hanging baskets, etc...) are the first to be affected by lack of water.  Since the container itself is exposed on all sides the sun and heat cause the limited amount of soil to dry up much quicker than in a garden.  As a general rule you should water containers until the water drains out the holes in the bottom.  During the summer it is not unusual to do this two or three times a day.

Competitive Nature...
Don't let grass or weeds grow beneath your trees and shrubs.  They compete fiercely for available water and will slow the growth of trees, especially newly planted ones.  Worse yet, the longer turfgrass grows under trees and shrubs the greater the reduction of new growth.  Left alone a cumulative effect may decrease tree growth for several years.  For instance, if the growth of a tree is reduced by 20 percent for one year because of grass competition, the growth automatically is 20 percent less during the second year's growth.  Grass competition alone reduces tree and shrub growth by as much as 50 percent.

Source

Flowers - Blooming Not Burning...
Different flowers have different watering needs.  The one inch of water per week rule is a good start but it's always best to keep an eye them.  Look for the telltale signs of drought stress including wilt, droopiness, and the premature loss of foliage and/or blooms.  Like vegetables your flowers will benefit from deep and infrequent waterings.  Also, a couple of inches of mulch will do wonders to help retain soil moisture during the hot sunny weather.

Another good long-term strategy would include greater use of drought tolerant flowers.  Savvygardeners can find a list of these water efficient marvels (suitable for the Kansas City area of course) here...
 


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A Hose By Any Other Name...
Hoses are easily the most common means of getting water to your gardens and containers.  Most gardeners give little thought to their hoses until it's time to replace them.  If you are replacing a hose or just interested in a new one take a little time and choose one that's best for you.  Like most tools, hoses are available in varying quality levels with prices that usually follow.  Hoses come in different diameters but 5/8-inch is the most popular.  Different diameters deliver different flow rates and this may be an important factor in your choice.  Use this table to assist in sizing.  
 

Flow Rates from Different Hose Sizes and Water Pressures
Pressure 1/2 inch 5/8 inch 3/4 inch 1 inch
20 psi 4 gpm 8 gpm 12 gpm 26 gpm
30 psi 5 gpm 9 gpm 15 gpm 32 gpm
40 psi 6 gpm 11 gpm 18 gpm 38 gpm
50 psi 7 gpm 12 gpm 20 gpm 43 gpm
60 psi  8 gpm 14 gpm 22 gpm 47 gpm
Flow rates are in gallons per minute (gpm).  40 psi is typical water pressure for most homes.

Source

Grass Guzzlers...
For many of us our lawns are the single biggest users of "gardening water".  Unfortunately excessive watering is wasteful and can actually be harmful to your lawn.  If waterings are too light or too frequent the lawn can become weak and shallow-rooted, which in turn makes it more susceptible to stress injury.  To make sure you get it right use the following steps to determine the amount of water your sprinkler or sprinkler system puts out and check its distribution pattern at the same time.  

  • Determine the rate at which your sprinkler applies water to the lawn. 
    • Set out three to five empty cans in a straight line going away from the sprinkler. Set the last can near the edge of the sprinkler's coverage. 
    • Run the sprinkler for a set time such as 1/2 hour.
    • Measure the amount of water in each can. 
    • Each can will contain a different amount of water. Usually, the can closest to the sprinkle will have the most water.  The sprinkler pattern must overlap to get an even wetness of the soil.  Use this information to find out how long it takes your sprinkler to apply 1 inch of water.  For example, if you find that most cans contain about 1/4 inch of water after the sprinkler runs 1/2 hour, it would take 4 x 1/2 or 2 hours to apply 1 inch.  
  • Run the sprinkler long enough to apply at least 1 inch of water or until runoff occurs. If runoff occurs first: 
    • Stop sprinkler and note running time. 
    • Allow water to soak in for 1/2 hour. 
    • Start sprinkler. 
    • If runoff occurs, repeat above steps until at least 1 inch of water has been applied and allowed to soak into the soil. 
  • Do not water again until the lawn has completely dried out. (This usually takes 5 or 6 days.) 
    • Apply enough water to wet the soil to a depth of 4 to 6 inches. 
    • Avoid frequent light applications of water.
    • Water in early daylight hours. 
    • Select a turfgrass with a low water requirement. 
    • Avoid using soluble nitrogen fertilizers. (They promote high growth rates which, in turn, increase water requirements of the plant.)

Source

Finally...
"Successful gardening consists of
One part soil,
Two parts water,
Three parts prayer."

~ Popular Gardening Wisdom

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